The Place and Role of Natural Elements in Primitive Concepts in Turkish and Scandinavian Mythologies

Abstract

The article focuses on a typological comparison of cosmogonic elements found in the mythology of Turkish and Scandinavian peoples. The research highlights several common mythological elements, particularly symbols such as the tree, mountain, sea, water, and the fruit of life, which appear in both traditions. The aim is to explore the socio-psychological aspects of the worldviews of primitive peoples. The functions of these cosmogonic elements are analyzed within the mythological thought of both cultures.

It has been shown that the tree cult represents the triple model of the world in both mythologies, symbolizing wisdom, prosperity, and creation. Additionally, the totemic significance of the tree and its role as a shamanic symbol in Turkish mythology are clarified. The study also examines the mountain cult in both traditions, revealing a stronger totemistic connection to the mountain in Turkish mythology compared to Scandinavian beliefs. The mountain is also seen as a sacred space where one can reach the gods.

Furthermore, the fruit of eternal life is present in both mythologies, often symbolized by apples, and is believed to grant immortality as a gift from the gods. The research also uncovers the sacred nature of iron as a cosmogonic element in both Turkish and Scandinavian traditions. To identify these cosmogonic elements, the study references texts such as the Poetic Edda and Prose Edda, along with examples from the Kalevala, a Finno-Ugric epic.

The study also compares Turkish epics like the Dede Korkut and Maaday Kara, drawing parallels to the ancient texts of both cultures. Based on these findings, the similarities between these cosmogonic elements are typological, reflecting the socio-psychological foundations of the worldview shared by these peoples.